MAP2K4 and diabetes mellitus: Firstly, through changing the signal path, Wang et al. reported that diabetes-induced heart defects may be affected by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which can be attributed to the activation of ASK1 on c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK 1/2)-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, inhibition of ASK1 on cell cycle progression, and mediation of ASK1 on teratogenicity of diabetes [65].