TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: We recruited eight RA patients who received different courses of bDMARD therapy—two receiving adalimumab (TNF-α inhibitor) only, three receiving adalimumab followed by rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody), and three receiving adalimumab followed by tocilizumab (anti-IL6R antibody)—and all patients achieved sustained remission after treatment, with the Disease Activity Score of 28-joints (DAS28) less than 2.6 at the time of sample collection (Table 1; Figure 1).