Current diagnostic biomarkers of PCa include blood-based tests, such as ProstateHealth Index® and 4K score®, other than PSA; urine sample-based tests, i.e., prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), SelectMDx®, and ExoDx Prostate IntelliScore®; and tissue-based tests (ConfirmMDx®, Oncotype®, Prolaris®, and Decipher®) following biopsy, transurethral resection, or radical prostatectomy [27]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.