HAVCR2 and viral infectious disease: PD-1 and TIM-3 are inhibitory receptors involved in T cells exhaustion.28,29 These receptors are commonly expressed on antigen-experienced T cells in the context of a chronic antigen stimulation (virus infection or cancer), and T-cell co-expressing PD-1 and TIM-3 were characterised by a loss of most T-cell functions.28,29 So, we investigated the functions of circulating PD-1+/TIM-3+ T cells detected in NSCLC patients.