Collectively, ours results indicated that the level of anti-TERT Th1 response and exhausted PD-1+TIM3+CD4+ T cells have distinct prognostic value in NSCLC, so that the decrease of functional anti-TERT Th1 cells and increase of exhausted PD-1+TIM-3+CD4+ T cells were associated with disease progression (Fig. 5g). Here, TERT is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.