MyD88/TRIF signaling has also been shown to be required for neutrophil recruitment during infection with influenza virus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, reflecting TLR-dependent signaling or signals from IL-1 receptor family members, which also employ MyD88.8,44,45 However, it is not known whether the lung cell types involved, and the receptors used for initiating the neutrophil recruitment, are the same for different infections. This evidence concerns the gene MYD88 and infection.