TGFB1 and neoplasm: In the tumor samples of the BRCA cohort, compared to the patients of the low Immu6Metagene signature expression group, the patients of the high expression group had significantly elevated interferon alpha (IFNα) response and significantly inhibited activity of multiple oncogenic pathways including Kras signaling, Notch signaling, TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis, EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition), hypoxia and mitotic process (Fig. 6A).