However, haemocyte-derived TNF, activates JNK pathway, which triggers many changes in tumour cells including apoptosis (Igaki et al., 2002; Moreno et al., 2002), ROS production (Fogarty et al., 2016; Santabárbara-Ruiz et al., 2015), loss of cell polarity (Zhu et al., 2010), modification of extracellular matrix (Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006), proliferation and cell migration (Beaucher et al., 2007; Igaki et al., 2006; Pastor-Pareja et al., 2004; Srivastava et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.