The proteomic analysis of the differential regulation of proteins in a case of rapid progression from grade II oligodendroglioma to anaplastic oligodendroglioma displayed an abnormal regulation level of Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) and Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor alpha (GDIR1), which can be further investigated as candidates for molecular predictive factors of malignant transformation [50]. The gene discussed is PRDX6; the disease is oligodendroglioma.