However, in a STZ-induced diabetic mouse model, the level of cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1 and IP-10) in urine of EP4 agonist-treated mice were remarkably higher than those of vehicle-treated diabetes mice, which aggravated glomerular sclerosis and renal tubular interstitial fibrosis [110]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and diabetes mellitus.