Similar cytokine patterns observed in our study in CCHF and HFRS patients, were seen also in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) where elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, MCP-3, IP-10 and eotaxin were associated with fatal outcome [39,40]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and Ebola hemorrhagic fever.