SIRT5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: This is nicely illustrated by a recent study showing that (i) lysine succinylation stimulates the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), a rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, (ii) sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), an NAD-dependent protein lysine desuccinylase, can locate to peroxisomes where it binds to and desuccinylates ACOX1, and (iii) downregulation of SIRT5 increases ACOX1 activity, peroxisomal H2O2 production, and oxidative DNA damage in cultured HepG2 liver cells, mouse livers, and/or human hepatocellular carcinoma samples [54].