GNRH1 and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: The genes mutated in KS patients include: ANOS1, FGFR1, FGF8, FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, FLRT3, KLB, SEMA3A, SEMA3E, SEMA7A, PLXNA1, PROK2, PROKR2, SOX10, FEZF1, HESX1, TUBB3, NSMF, HS6ST1, CHD7, WDR11, AXL, and CCDC141. Genes identified in only nIHH patients have a role in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (NR0B1), neuroendocrine physiology of the normal secretion of GnRH (GnRH1, KISS1, KISSIR, TAC3, TACR3, LEP, and LEPR) or its action on the pituitary (GNRHR) (Stamou and Georgopoulos, 2018), and will not be discussed here.