EMX1 and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: Kim et al. (2010) found a heterozygout missense muation from KS patients which abolishes binding with its partner, EMX1. Only one mutation has been identified in KS while 6 other mutations are founded from nIHH and other HPG axis diseases (combined pituitary hormone deficiency, CPHD, and pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, PSIS) (Izumi et al., 2014; McCormack et al., 2017).