TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: An increase in proinflammatory cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppresses adiponectin expression [8], which is regulated by the ADIPOQ gene, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene have been associated with obesity-related traits [9].