A comparison of all identified SHOX2 variants in AF patients (Table 1 and Supplementary Table 3) shows remarkably that a strong functional significance with phenotypic expression could only be determined for those which have not been reported in public databases or were derived from individuals with an early disease onset before the age of 60 years (p.G77D, p.R194X, p.H283Q). This evidence concerns the gene SHOX2 and atrial fibrillation.