The advent of the Immunoscore method for predicting patient clinical outcomes based on immunohistochemical analysis of T cell subsets has, along with other studies, highlighted the importance of CD8 T cells in optimal anti-tumor immune responses (37), and the success of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies has only reinforced the urgent need for a greater understanding of the immune response to cancer (39), particularly in cancers with poor survival outcomes, such as OAC. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.