Thus, the aim of our study is investigating the effects of variations in miRNA processing genes, RAN (rs14035), XPO5 (rs11077), DICER1 (rs3742330 and rs13078), and TARBP2 (rs784567), as well as their interactions with environmental factors on T2DM and its vascular complications in a Southern Han Chinese population. This evidence concerns the gene XPO5 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.