POMC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Restraint stress increases arcuate Pomc expression in adult male rats, although 4 h after stress (78, 79), its expression was inhibited in the MBH of NH-HFC30, MS-HFC30, and MSHFC-60 males compared to chow-fed rats, despite increased serum leptin levels, which is concordant with a hyperphagic behavior, a diet-induced obesity, and male rats' higher susceptibility to develop diet-induced leptin resistance compared to females (84–86).