BAX and lung carcinoma: Ginsenoside Rk3 inhibited cell growth, enhanced apoptosis, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest by activating caspases-3, -8, and -9, upregulating the expressions of Bax and P21, and downregulating the expressions of Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and CDK4 in human lung cancer H460 and A549 cells in vitro and significantly inhibited the tumor growth of H460 xenografts without obvious toxicity to the host in vivo (Duan et al., 2017).