BAX and leukemia: Gambogic acid is the key active component isolated and extracted from gamboge and exhibited significant anticancer effect against multiple human cancer cells and tumors such as lung, breast, gastric, liver, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, and leukemia and lymphoma in vitro and/or in vivo, while the primary mechanism may be due to inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by alteration of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Wu Z. Q. et al., 2004; Mu et al., 2010; Xu J. et al., 2013; Duan et al., 2014b; Sun et al., 2018; Youns et al., 2018).