AKT1 and glioma: Studies further showed that OST could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through targeting PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in rat glioma C6 cells (Ding et al., 2013) and via regulating apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3/9 in ovarian cancer A2780 and OV2008 cells (Jiang G. et al., 2016).