PER1 and colonic neoplasm: Elsewhere, lowered expression and/or mutations in the PER1 gene have been reported to correlate with enhanced tumor growth in breast cancer, colon cancer and lymphoma, corresponding with altered expression of P53 and the oncogenes BCLxl, BCL-2, cyclinB1, cyclin D, cyclin E and C-MYC (Mostafaie et al., 2009; Pluquet et al., 2013; Sato et al., 2011; Ye et al., 2015).