AR and Familial prostate cancer: We propose that a feature of androgen-driven dimorphism of the prostate is the reprogramming of AR binding from gene promoter regions to distal enhancer sites containing AREs, which has been reported in prostate cancer epithelial cells (Decker et al., 2012; Massie et al., 2011; Sharma et al., 2013) as well as in response to androgens in prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (Cioni et al., 2018).