Multiple AKI biomarkers that are measured in the urine or plasma of patients with AKI have been discovered, including the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), interleukin 18 (IL-18), calprotectin, urine angiotensinogen (AGT), urine microRNAs and the recently FDA-approved insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 x tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 in the USA [50]. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.