CSF2 and cancer: Our study demonstrated that PG2 concomitantly elicits significant amelioration of the symptom burden or clusters and reduction in the expression level and/or activity of major pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, as early as within a the first month after low or high dose PG2 initiation in patients with metastatic or advanced stage cancer.