Obtained results on TAK1 (MAP3-kinase TGF-β-activated kinase 1), responsible for modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, have shown that cancer-suppressive effects of TAK1 are mediated through NF-κB activation via TNF, which consequently prevents apoptosis of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes [62]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.