PTEN and prostate adenocarcinoma: To model the effects of growth factors on prostate cancer, we utilized the androgen-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP, which contains one deleted allele and one mutated allele of PTEN [27], and the androgen-insensitive cell line PC-3, which has a homozygous deletion of PTEN [27, 28], leading to the hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.