TLR4 and hydrops fetalis: Consistent with previous studies, the mRNA levels of genes involved in neuroinflammation, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), caspase 1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), were significantly upregulated in mice fed an HF diet.