TNF and infection: To date, a class of cecropin family has been shown to stimulate the migration of leukocytes to the site of infection, reduce plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor, endotoxins, and cytokines responsible for septic shock [26,37–42] There has also been a report of increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and/or reduced pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) following an administration of cecropins [39,43].