Moreover, LEC conditioned media, in contrast to media conditioned by other relevant dermal cell populations such as blood vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts, significantly increased IGF-1, FGF-10 and ALP mRNA expression and inhibited BMP-2, BMP-4 and TGF-ß1 by DPCs, suggesting a potentially increased capacity of these cells to induce HF stem cell activation. Here, BMP2 is linked to hydrops fetalis.