It was recently reported that protein-binding function of PKR promotes the proliferation of pancreatic β cells through TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)/receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/c-Myc pathway [44], while cancer cell survival requires mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of 4EBP1 in Myc-dependent tumor, and PP2A-B56α holoenzyme can negatively regulate c-Myc protein accumulation [45, 46]. This evidence concerns the gene TRAF2 and cancer.