PKD1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: In cyst-lining epithelial cells of ADPKD patients and mouse model experiments, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was shown to be activated, which may result from loss of PC1 binding with tuberin, suggesting that PC1 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating mTOR activity through interaction with tuberin [18].