CD4 and HIV infectious disease: We therefore investigated the effect of oral supplementation of L. plantarum IS-1050 on the amount of microbial translocation (as shown by the blood LPS level), serum CD4+ T cell counts, CD8+ T cell counts, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio (which reflects HIV infection progression), and faecal secretory IgA (a humoral immune parameter) in HIV-infected children receiving ARV therapy.