TNF and insomnia: Recent studies provide laboratory based evidence that acupuncture affects the sleep-wake-up cycle by interfering with many levels of insomnia-related cytokines and neurotransmitters (such as 5-HT, NE, DA, GABA, Glu, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and NO) which plays a role in sedative hypnosis and promotes sleep [37–40].