Consistent with this, patients with aortic dissection show an increase in inflammatory biomarkers including peripheral blood natural killer cells, B cells, regulatory T cells, C-reactive protein, and cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and -8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)22. Here, TNF is linked to Aortic dissection.