We previously demonstrated that infiltration of macrophages in the aorta coupled with local and/or systemic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) upregulation is essential for onset of aortic dissection in a murine model involving direct application of calcium chloride to the aorta and continuous administration of angiotensin II (Ang II)1. Here, CSF2 is linked to Aortic dissection.