HIV infection also increases proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8) (48) and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 (49), which may contribute to detection of slightly increased levels of IL-1β and IL-4 from MDMs coinfected with HIV-H37Rv. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is HIV infectious disease.