VEGFA and neoplasm: In the year 2013, Xie et al. showed that stable transfection of the RhoC expression vector into a normal hepatocyte cell line, imparted tumor phenotypes like proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, increased expression of matrix metalloproteases like MMP2 and MMP9, and elevated levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), further cementing RhoC’s role as an oncogene [37].