GDNF and nephrocalcinosis: In two in vitro models of nephrocalcinosis obtained by exposing wild-type or Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-silenced human renal tubular cells to an osteogenic medium, it was recently shown that apoptosis and necroptosis respectively triggered renal cell calcification even before calcium phosphate crystal deposition [165,166] and mimicked vascular cell calcification [167,168,169,170].