Several studies have shown that NF-κB plays an important role in the development of CVD.29-31 It was demonstrated that ischemia rapidly induced NF-κB activation in the myocardium of rats.29 Wilson et al.30 showed that NF-κB was increased in the coronary atheromatous plaque in humans and its expression was predominantly associated with macrophages, foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Here, NFKB1 is linked to ischemia.