In future studies, we will use an appropriate complement inhibitor such as the C5 inhibitor eculizumab (46), anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibody (AbD04211) or complement knock out model to further explore the difference in renal disease progression between diabetic rats after complement inhibition and uninhibited rats, so as to clarify the causal relationship between complement or one of the pathways and the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The gene discussed is C5; the disease is kidney disorder.