Interestingly, recent studies indicated that Ppargc1a was upregulated after exercise in skeletal muscle of T2D rodents and patients, improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (Allen et al., 2009; Summermatter et al., 2013; Vissing and Schjerling, 2014; Hansen et al., 2015). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.