NOS3 and diabetes mellitus: It was demonstrated that TsIIA may improve impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by diabetes via enhancing eNOS expression and activity (Li et al., 2015b), and this effect was initiated by a variety of mechanisms at the post-transcriptional level of eNOS, including regulation of eNOS mRNA and protein stability, coupling, and serine 1177 phosphorylation (Li et al., 2015b).