Cells of both groups exhibited upregulation of MMP-7 when treated with IL-1α, which is known to induce MMP-7 expression in colon cancer cells34; however, the conditioned medium from IL-1α-treated HT-29 cells stably expressing the Y51A mutant showed significantly less enzymatic activity of MMP-7 (Fig. 6D). Here, IL1A is linked to colonic neoplasm.