However, analysis revealed a reduction in CD80+ pro-inflammatory macrophages in the HF + RED group (Fig. 2i) compared to the HF + H2O group, along with an increase in the number of CD206+ anti-inflammatory macrophages (Fig. 2j), suggesting that the RED extract might have the potential to modulate the liver’s contribution to the inflammatory state of obesity. Here, CD80 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.