Further supporting the mechanistic relationship between MALAT1 and these inflammatory cytokines, a previous study by us demonstrated that MALAT1 is capable of mediating IL-6 and TNF-α through the activation of its inflammatory ligand, known as serum amyloid antigen 3 (SAA3), in large vessel endothelial cells during hyperglycemia [129]. Here, TNF is linked to Hyperglycemia.