Alternatively, in DR, Liu et al. demonstrates that hyperglycemia upregulates RNCR3 and the subsequent administration of intravitreal RNCR3 shRNA greatly impedes glial cell reactivity, as well as inducing significant reductions in many cytokines, including MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF-A, in the retinas of diabetic mice [113]. Here, VEGFA is linked to Hyperglycemia.