CD40LG and neoplasm: In addition, genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs), and immunologic markers, such as interleukin, TGFβ, CD40L, etc., have been evaluated as predictive factors: unfortunately, none of the studied circulating biomarkers met the criteria for “predictive biomarkers” [62].