CD8A and cancer: Moreover, in preclinical studies, microparticles shed from HPV16 E7-expressing keratinocytes suppressed the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, which was attributed to the downregulation of CD40 and IL-12 in Langerhans cells [71], indicating that those E7-microparticles from HPV-infected cells could suppress the T cell response thus contributing to persistence of HPV infection and cancer.