PTGS2 and neoplasm: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes tumor angiogenesis by activating αVβ3 function and signaling through the prostane receptors cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP), Protein Kinase A (PKA) and RAC, and these effects are blocked by Cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 inhibition [157].