Furthermore, we found increased levels of gene expression for members in the FGF, PI3K, and PDGF signalling pathways and downstream-regulated transcription factor (TF) signalling of activator protein 1 (AP1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in biopsies of ovarian cancer compared with benign tumours. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and benign neoplasm.