The CF patient airway includes numerous pro-inflammatory mediators in different concentrations, including TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor- α), IL-1β (interleukin), IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-33, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), and HMGB-1 (high-mobility group protein 1) [71,72]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is cystic fibrosis.