According to Smyth et al. [81], the inflammatory biomarkers measurements on 21 children with pancreatic insufficient CF and 12 controls demonstrated increased values of albumin, IgG, IgM, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-8, neutrophil, elastase, and eosinophilic cationic protein, suggesting that there is immune activation in the gastrointestinal mucosa of children with CF, which may result from the basic cellular defect. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is cystic fibrosis.