PARK7 and Parkinson disease: For example, genetic mutations in the PD-related genes, Parkin, DJ-1 or PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1), cause mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring of familial-type PD patients, and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and rotenone, which are known to be PD-inducing toxins, inhibit mitochondrial complex I [6].