HSPA5 and cancer: Unlike antimycins, inducing cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl2/Bcl-xL-related anti-apoptotic proteins or mitochondrial electron transport, NATs were characterized as down-regulators of GRP-78 (Umeda et al., 2005; Izumikawa et al., 2007; Ueda et al., 2008; Kozone et al., 2009).