LEP and cardiovascular disorder: The changed levels of metabolic parameters (MDA, SOD, TG, TC, and leptin) in the spirulina treated mice indicate potential therapeutic application of spirulina-based therapies in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity (Figures 6, 7), which are similar to previous reported antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects of spirulina treatment in vivo (Piñero Estrada et al., 2001; Sharma et al., 2007; Yogianti et al., 2014; Yusuf et al., 2016; Neyrinck et al., 2017; Abd El-Hakim et al., 2018; Heo and Choung, 2018; Kata et al., 2018).