Moreover, SCFAs can activate G-protein coupled receptor GPR43, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses including an increase in the number of colonic Foxp3+ Tregs and an inhibition of the pro-inflammatory response of mice with colitis (Maslowski et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2013). The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is colitis.